Learn how the risk-neutral measure mathematically transforms a random walk with drift into a martingale by removing its drift, with clear step-by-step explanations.

Learn why factor models work in finance. Beneath their growing complexity in the number of factors lies a deeper unifying idea: factor models are, at their core, a way to approximate the Stochastic Discount Factor (SDF).

Learn how to analyze merger arbitrage opportunities using the Warner Bros Discovery and Paramount deal rumors. Break down market-implied probabilities, downside risk, and expected value like a quant.

Learn how to use Anaconda for your Python setup, allowing you to run .py files and jupiter notebooks.

Learn the key differences between martingales and random walks in finance. Includes intuitive examples, asset pricing theory, and Python code.

Learn how to estimate the value of π using Monte Carlo simulation in Python. A step-by-step guide with math, code, and visualization.